Mastering Cryptography

1.Introduction to Cryptography
1.1.The Importance of Cryptography
1.2.Historical Overview
1.3.Terminologies and Concepts
1.4.Types of Cryptography
1.5.Applications of Cryptography

2.Symmetric Key Cryptography
2.1.Principles of Symmetric Key Cryptography
2.2.Substitution Ciphers
2.3.Transposition Ciphers
2.4.Data Encryption Standard (DES)
2.5.Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
2.6.Block Ciphers
2.7.Stream Ciphers
2.8.Cryptanalysis of Symmetric Key Algorithms

3.Public Key Cryptography
3.1.Introduction to Public Key Cryptography
3.2.RSA Algorithm
3.3.Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
3.4.Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
3.5.Digital Signatures
3.6.Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
3.7.Cryptanalysis of Public Key Algorithms

4.Hash Functions
4.1.Introduction to Hash Functions
4.2.Cryptographic Hash Functions
4.3.Security Properties of Hash Functions
4.4.Message Digest Algorithms
4.5.HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code)
4.6.Applications of Hash Functions

5.Key Management
5.1.Key Generation
5.2.Key Distribution
5.3.Key Agreement Protocols
5.4.Key Escrow
5.5.Key Revocation and Expiration
5.6.Key Storage and Protection

6.Digital Certificates and SSL/TLS
6.1.Digital Certificates
6.2.Certificate Authorities (CAs)
6.3.SSL/TLS Protocol
6.4.SSL/TLS Handshake Process
6.5.SSL/TLS Vulnerabilities and Attacks
6.6.Securing Web Communications with SSL/TLS

7.Cryptographic Protocols
7.1.Authentication Protocols
7.2.Key Exchange Protocols
7.3.Secure Multi-Party Computation
7.4.Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
7.5.Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
7.6.Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and OpenPGP

8.Cryptanalysis Techniques
8.1.Classical Cryptanalysis Techniques
8.2.Brute-Force Attacks
8.3.Frequency Analysis
8.4.Differential Cryptanalysis
8.5.Linear Cryptanalysis
8.6.Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks
8.7.Side-Channel Attacks
8.8.Quantum Cryptanalysis

9.Cryptographic Applications
9.1.Secure Email Communication
9.2.Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
9.3.Secure File Storage and Sharing
9.4.Secure Messaging and Voice Communication
9.5.Secure Web Browsing
9.6.Secure Cloud Computing

10.Cryptocurrency and Blockchain
10.1.Introduction to Cryptocurrencies
10.2.Blockchain Technology
10.3.Bitcoin and Ethereum
10.4.Smart Contracts
10.5.Cryptocurrency Mining
10.6.Privacy and Anonymity in Cryptocurrencies

11.Post-Quantum Cryptography
11.1.Quantum Computing and its Implications
11.2.Quantum-Safe Cryptography
11.3.Lattice-Based Cryptography
11.4.Code-Based Cryptography
11.5.Multivariate Cryptography
11.6.Isogeny-Based Cryptography

12.Future Trends and Challenges
12.1.Emerging Cryptographic Technologies
12.2.Homomorphic Encryption
12.3.Fully Homomorphic Encryption
12.4.Zero-Knowledge Proofs
12.5.Privacy-Preserving Cryptography
12.6.Quantum-Secure Cryptography
12.7.Ethical and Legal Considerations

13.Appendix
13.1.Mathematical Background
13.1.1.Number Theory
13.1.2.Modular Arithmetic
13.1.3.Finite Fields
13.1.4.Probability Theory
13.1.5.Complexity Theory
13.2.Cryptographic Libraries and Tools
13.2.1.OpenSSL
13.2.2.Bouncy Castle
13.2.3.Cryptlib
13.2.4.Crypto++
13.2.5.Keyczar
13.2.6.PyCryptodome
13.3.Glossary of Cryptographic Terms

14.About the author